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d여기에서 Lecture 12: Aircraft Performance – aircraft performance questions and answers 주제에 대한 세부정보를 참조하세요
MIT 16.687 Private Pilot Ground School, IAP 2019
Instructor: Philip Greenspun, Tina Srivastava
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/16-687IAP19
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63cUdAG3v311Vl72ozOiK25
This lecture discussed various factors affecting aircraft performance and how to predict performance for all flight phases.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
0:00 Introduction
1:09 Importance of Performance
1:56 Reminder: Thrust and Drag
2:38 Climb Performance
5:06 Climb Thrust and Power
5:33 Best Glide Ratio
6:50 Effects of Wind on Performance
7:23 Center of Gravity
10:05 Effect of Atmospheric Pressure
12:11 Determining Pressure Altitude
14:25 Determining Density Altitude
16:54 Humidity: Another Enemy
18:58 Max Convenience: ForeFlight
19:37 Computing Density Altitude Pilot Operating Manual
21:32 Other Factors affecting Performance
26:23 Runway Condition
28:39 Ceiling
29:46 Range vs. Endurance
33:45 Landing and Takeoff Performance
36:06 Landing Performance Additional Factors
40:57 Takeoff/Landing Performance Charts
41:37 Wind Components
43:37 Wind 26040KT; Rwy 29
47:04 Pilatus PC-12, Flaps 15
48:03 Why Cirrus is the best seller
48:31 Rate of Climb?
48:43 POH Table
49:02 Maximum Rate of Climb
50:21 Cruise Charts – Tabular Example
50:46 Landing Performance Example
53:03 The Easy Way
53:52 Gyronimo (not free)
55:02 Questions?
aircraft performance questions and answers 주제에 대한 자세한 내용은 여기를 참조하세요.
9 Questions To Understand Aircraft Performance Better
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Chapter 8: Aircraft Performance Questions & Answers – Quizlet
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250+ TOP MCQs on Fixed-Wing Aircraft – Performance …
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two marks questions and answers – Gate Pathshala
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Aircraft Performance & Calculations
When we speak of aircraft performance we’re usually answering three basic questions: • How much can I haul? • How far can I go? • How long will it take?
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주제와 관련된 더 많은 사진을 참조하십시오 Lecture 12: Aircraft Performance. 댓글에서 더 많은 관련 이미지를 보거나 필요한 경우 더 많은 관련 기사를 볼 수 있습니다.
주제에 대한 기사 평가 aircraft performance questions and answers
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- Date Published: 2020. 4. 27.
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What are the major factors that affect aircraft performance?
The primary factors most affected by performance are the takeoff and landing distance, rate of climb, ceiling, payload, range, speed, maneuverability, stability, and fuel economy.
What is operational performance of an aircraft?
Explanation: Operational performance of an aircraft is the performance of an aircraft which is related to the aircraft above ground level. It includes aircraft cruise angle, altitude, temperature, engine failure, fuel management and also take-off performances.
How can aircraft performance be improved?
- 1) Reduce the weight. Reducing unnecessary weight can help in a lot of ways. …
- 2) Move the center of gravity aft. …
- 3) Lean the mixture. …
- 4) Choose the right altitude. …
- 5) Incorporate drag reducing devices.
How is aircraft performance measured?
- Formula: Mach Number = Aircraft Speed/Speed of Sound (dependent on altitude)
- Example: Aircraft is flying at 30,000′ Speed of sound at 30,000′ = 589.4 knots. The airspeed is 489.3 knots.
- Calculate: 489.3/589.5 = 0.83 Mach.
How does pressure affect aircraft performance?
As pressure decreases, the air becomes less dense or thinner. This is the equivalent of being at a higher altitude and is referred to as density altitude. As pressure decreases, density altitude increases and has a pronounced effect on aircraft performance.
How does high temperature affect aircraft performance?
The amount of lift that an airplane wing generates is affected by the density of the air. Air density in turn depends mostly on air temperature and elevation; higher temperatures and higher elevations both reduce density. The lower the air density, the faster an airplane must travel to produce enough lift to take off.
What are factors that affect takeoff performance?
- Gross Weight: As gross weight increases, the difference between nose-wheel lift-off and takeoff speed decreases. …
- Center of Gravity: …
- Nose Strut: …
- Power Settings: …
- Flight Profile Flown: …
- Outside Air Temperature: …
- Field Elevation/Density Altitude: …
- Surface Winds:
How does wind affect aircraft performance?
Passengers tend to worry about strong winds during flight, but the reality is that wind speed during cruise flight has little or no effect on a plane. The only thing a strong wind may do is affect the length of time the flight will take. If you have a strong headwind, it can slow down a flight.
How does humidity affect aircraft performance?
Humidity affects the way an airplane flies because of the change in pressure that accompanies changes in humidity. As the humidity goes up, the air pressure for a given volume of air goes down. This means the wings have fewer air molecules to affect as they are pushed through the airmass. Fewer molecules = less lift.
What makes an aircraft efficient?
Airplanes are fast and efficient because they can operate in a low friction environment. There are no wheels (at least in flight) that have to be constantly be rolled over the ground, and at higher altitude the air is thinner which reduces air drag dramatically.
What makes an aircraft fuel efficient?
The fuel economy in aircraft is the measure of the transport energy efficiency of aircraft. Efficiency is increased with better aerodynamics and by reducing weight, and with improved engine BSFC and propulsive efficiency or TSFC.
How do planes conserve fuel?
Winglets are extensions made to the tips of wings that look a bit like a split end. Their purpose is to reduce drag, which, in turn, reduces the fuel used to move through the air. United installed winglets on its larger fleet several years ago, saving about $200 million in fuel every year.
What is the lift formula?
The lift equation states that lift L is equal to the lift coefficient Cl times the density r times half of the velocity V squared times the wing area A. For given air conditions, shape, and inclination of the object, we have to determine a value for Cl to determine the lift.
How do you calculate takeoff performance?
Some experienced pilots recommend using the obstacle clearance distance as their anticipated ground roll. Others simply double the book numbers. Using that method, the calculated takeoff run of 962 feet should really be 1,924 feet—and that’s about 84 feet beyond the end of the runway.
What factors can impact the range of an aircraft?
- Actual takeoff weight, lesser weight means less power required.
- Wind direction and speed (velocity), a tailwind favors range.
- Air temperature, the warmer the air (lower density) the more power required.
- Altitude, higher is better for range it increases TAS, but not for endurance.
What affects takeoff performance?
They apply various factors, including density altitude, type of operation, runway surface, runway slope and wind to readily determine take-off and landing distances for a particular set of conditions.
How does humidity affect aircraft performance?
Humidity affects the way an airplane flies because of the change in pressure that accompanies changes in humidity. As the humidity goes up, the air pressure for a given volume of air goes down. This means the wings have fewer air molecules to affect as they are pushed through the airmass. Fewer molecules = less lift.
What are the factors that affect the power output of an engine?
- Heat Transfer. The heat is exchanged in both directions between the gases and engine cylinder walls and. …
- Residual Gas. …
- Valve Resistance. …
- Valve Timing. …
- Combustion Time. …
- Incomplete Combustion. …
- Atmospheric Conditions.
9 Questions To Understand Aircraft Performance Better
Airplane performance can be defined as the capability of an airplane to operate effectively while serving a specific purpose. Among the elements of performance are takeoff and landing distances, rate of climb, ceiling, speed, payload, and fuel economy. Answer these questions and see if you can correctly determine all the factors required for adequate aircraft performance.
What is ground effect? The result of an alteration in airflow patterns increasing induced drag about the wings of an airplane. The result of the disruption of the airflow patterns about the wings of an airplane to the point where the wings will no longer support the airplane in flight. The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane. Correct! Wrong!
Determine the approximate landing ground roll distance. 490 feet. 401 feet. 356 feet. Correct! Wrong!
What effect does high density altitude have on aircraft performance? It increases takeoff performance. It increases engine performance. It reduces climb performance. Correct! Wrong!
What is the headwind component for a landing on Runway 18 if the tower reports the wind as 215° at 30 knots? 25 knots. 23 knots. 13 knots. Correct! Wrong!
Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem? Inability to get airborne even though airspeed is sufficient for normal takeoff needs. Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed. Settling to the surface abruptly during landing. Correct! Wrong!
Determine the pressure altitude at an airport that is 1,300 feet MSL with an altimeter setting of 29.6. 1,000 feet MSL 1,525 feet MSL 1,600 feet MSL Correct! Wrong!
Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at less than the length of the wingspan above the surface. twice the length of the wingspan above the surface. a higher-than-normal angle of attack. Correct! Wrong!
What true airspeed should a pilot expect at 9,000 feet on a standard day with 65 percent maximum continuous power? 187 knots 162 knots 165 knots Correct! Wrong!
What is the effect of a temperature increase from 35 to 50 °F on the density altitude if the pressure altitude remains at 8,000 feet MSL? 1,300-foot increase. 1,000-foot increase. 800-foot decrease. Correct! Wrong!
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Aircraft Performance Interview Questions and Answers
This set of Aircraft Performance Interview Questions and Answers focuses on “Fixed-Wing Aircraft – Operational Performance”.
1. Factors that affect the aircraft performance during take-off are mass of the aircraft during take-off, air density, temperature and runway conditions.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Factors that the affect aircraft performance during take-off are mass of the aircraft during take-off, air density, temperature and runway conditions. The speed of wind and flap setting and airframe contamination are the other factors that affect the aircraft performance during take-off.
2. MTOW stands for _________
a) Maximum permissible Take-Off Weight
b) Minimum permissible Take-Off Weight
c) Maximal permissible Take-Off Weight
d) Minimal permissible Take-Off Weight
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: MTOW stands for Maximum permissible Take-Off Weight. MTOW is the maximum weight of an aircraft at which a pilot is allowed to take-off the aircraft. This is caused due to structural limits of the aircrafts.
3. The basic requirements for safe flight are that the space required for the aircraft to maneuver should never exceed the space available.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The basic requirements for safe flight are that the space required for the aircraft to maneuver should never exceed the space available this is because if the space is insufficient for the aircraft to perform a maneuver then there may be a failure of the aircraft due to this aircraft getting hindered by some factor.
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4. What is operational performance of an aircraft?
a) The performance of an aircraft which is related to the aircraft above ground level
b) The performance of an aircraft which is related to the aircraft engine
c) The performance of an aircraft which is related to the aircraft when it is on ground
d) The performance of an aircraft which is related to the aircraft taxing
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Operational performance of an aircraft is the performance of an aircraft which is related to the aircraft above ground level. It includes aircraft cruise angle, altitude, temperature, engine failure, fuel management and also take-off performances.
5. Aircraft weight is the only controllable variable that can be used to ensure that space required for the maneuver doesn’t exceed the space available.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Aircraft weight is the only controllable variable that can be used to ensure that space required for the maneuver doesn’t exceed the space available. As a rule of aircraft performance the space required for an aircraft to maneuver must be always less than the space available. As a result the aircraft weight much be checked to avoid complications that occur due to space required being more than space available.
6. What is MTOW of an aircraft?
a) The maximum weight of an aircraft at which a pilot is allowed to attempt to land the aircraft
b) The maximum weight of an aircraft at which a pilot is allowed to attempt to take-off the aircraft
c) The minimum weight of an aircraft at which a pilot is allowed to attempt to take-off the aircraft
d) The minimum weight of an aircraft at which a pilot is allowed to attempt to land the aircraft
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: MTOW stands for Maximum permissible Take-Off Weight. MTOW is the maximum weight of an aircraft at which a pilot is allowed to take-off the aircraft. This is caused due to structural limits of the aircrafts.
7. A flight is carrying 130 passengers over a distance of 990km with a seating capacity of 140 and a yield of 7.9. Calculate the load factor.
a) 90%
b) 92.86%
c) 89.556%
d) 67.35%
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is 92.86%. Given number of passengers travelling = 130, seating capacity=140 and a yield of 7.9.
We know percentage load factor=\(\frac{no. \, of \, passengers \,travelling*distance \,travelled}{no. \,of \, seats*distance \, travelled}\) x 100%
On substituting the values,
Load factor=\(\frac{130*990}{140*990}\) x 100%
Load factor=92.86%.
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8. A flight is carrying 130 passengers over a distance of 990km with a seating capacity of 140 and a yield of 7.9. Calculate the passenger revenue.
a) 143780
b) 1016730
c) 1094940
d) 1524263
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is 1016730. Given number of passengers travelling = 130, seating capacity=140 and a yield of 7.9. We know that passenger revenue=Revenue passenger kilometers*yield where Revenue passenger kilometers=number of passengers travelling*distance travelled.
On substituting the values
Revenue passenger kilometers=130*990
Revenue passenger kilometers=128700
On substituting revenue passenger kilometers in passenger revenue formula
Passenger revenue=128700*7.9.
9. A flight is carrying 130 passengers over a distance of 990km with a seating capacity of 140 and a yield of 7.9. Calculate the Revenue passenger kilometers.
a) 138600
b) 124570
c) 128700
d) 124560
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The answer is 128700. Given number of passengers travelling = 130, seating capacity=140 and a yield of 7.9. We know that revenue passenger kilometers=number of passengers travelling*distance travelled.
On substituting the values
Revenue passenger kilometers=130*990
Revenue passenger kilometers=128700.
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10. A flight is carrying 130 passengers over a distance of 990km with a seating capacity of 140 and a yield of 7.9. Calculate the available seats kilometer.
a) 148700
b) 138600
c) 128700
d) 154800
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is 138600. Given number of passengers travelling = 130, seating capacity=140 and a yield of 7.9. We know that available seats kilometer=number of seats available*distance travelled.
On substituting the values
Available seats kilometer=130*990
Available seats kilometer=128700.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Aircraft Performance.
5 Ways To Improve Your Aircraft’s Performance
Get to your destination faster…
1) Reduce the weight
Reducing unnecessary weight can help in a lot of ways. You’ll have a shorter takeoff roll, greater climb rate, faster cruise speed, and a lower stall speed. Packing a little lighter for a trip can really save you time and money.
2) Move the center of gravity aft
Having an aft center of gravity will reduce your tail down force (but remember, you need to stay within CG limits). Doing this will reduce induced drag, and increase your range and cruise airspeed.
3) Lean the mixture
Leaning the mixture at cruise altitude will save you a lot of fuel that would otherwise be wasted at altitude.
4) Choose the right altitude
Choosing the right altitude has a significant effect on aircraft performance. Normally aspirated engines lose power as they climb, due to the reduction in atmospheric pressure. The higher you climb, the more time it takes, and the more fuel you burn. Finding a cruise altitude that hits the sweet spot between winds aloft and time-to-climb is the key.
5) Incorporate drag reducing devices
Adding drag reducing devices like wheel fairings can speed you up by as much as 10 knots. When you reduce parasite drag, you can get where you’re going a lot faster.
Quiz: 6 Questions To See How Much You Know About Aircraft Performance
1) An aircraft with an aft CG requires _______ than the same aircraft with a forward CG.
2) Which of these factors has the greatest effect on density altitude?
3) A single engine aircraft at max gross weight will have a climb rate of _______ at its service ceiling.
4) You’re flying a cross country from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. If you don’t reset your altimeter, your plane will be _____ than the indicated altitude on your altimeter.
“High to low, look out below”. You’ll be lower than your altimeter indicates.
“High to low, look out below”. You’ll be lower than your altimeter indicates.
Chapter 8: Aircraft Performance Questions & Answers Flashcards
(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) Upon landing, the front passenger (180 pounds) departs the airplane. A rear passenger (204 pounds) moves to the front passenger position. What effect does this have on the CG if the airplane weight 2,690 pounds and the MOM/100 was 2,260 just prior to the passenger transfer?
250+ TOP MCQs on Fixed-Wing Aircraft – Performance Measurement and Answers
Aircraft Performance Multiple Choice Questions on “Fixed-Wing Aircraft – Performance Measurement”.
1. WAT stands for _______
a) Weight, Altitude, Temperature
b) Weather,Altitude, Temperature
c) Weight, Atmosphere, Temperature
d) Weather,Atmosphere, Temperature
Answer: a
Clarification: WAT stands for Weight, Altitude, Temperature. Data measured in flight are measured under the arbitrary WAT conditions existing at the time. The flight –measured data will need to be processed to conform to specific combinations of WAT for the construction of the performance manual.
2. Operating Data Manual (ODM) contains the information on the performance of the aircraft needed by the operator for flight planning.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: ODM stands for Operating Data Manual. Operating Data Manual (ODM) contains the information on the performance of the aircraft needed by the operator for flight planning above the ground.
3. ODM stands for _________
a) Operation Data Manual
b) Operating Data Manual
c) Operation Data Management
d) Operating Digital Manual
Answer: b
Clarification: ODM stands for Operating Data Manual. Operating Data Manual (ODM) contains the information on the performance of the aircraft needed by the operator for flight planning above the ground.
4. What is meant by performance measurement?
a) Verification of aircraft achievements
b) Design new type of aircraft
c) Modification of existing aircraft type
d) Supplementor extent the full-scale measured performance of an aircraft
Answer: a
Clarification: Performance measurement is the process of verification of aircraft estimations in design performance, to demonstrate that the aircraft can satisfy the safety criteria set down in the airworthiness requirements, to provide validated performance data for the performance section of the flight manual.
5. Which of the following is applied to performance measurement?
a) Design
b) Modification
c) Supplement
d) Validation of performance data
Answer: d
Clarification: Performance measurement is the process of verification of aircraft estimations in design performance, to demonstrate that the aircraft can satisfy the safety criteria set down in the airworthiness requirements, to provide validated performance data for the performance section of the flight manual.
6. APMS stands for _________
a) Aviation Performance Measurement System
b) Aviation Performance Measuring System
c) Aircraft Performance Measuring System
d) Aircraft Performance Measurement System
Answer: b
Clarification: APMS stands for Aviation Performance Measuring System. APMS is an advanced software analysis tool used in flight-data analyses. It is mostly preferred for safety and to increase fight reliability.
7. FAA stands for ________
a) Fundamental Aviation Administration
b) Federal Aircraft Administration
c) Federal Aviation Administration
d) Fundamental Aircraft Administration
Answer: c
Clarification: FAA stands for Federal Aviation Administration. FAA is a national aviation agency of the US. This was formed after the formation of ICAO in the early 1970’s. The functions of FAA is to look after the safety, air traffic and follow the five degrees of freedom.
8. AFM stands for ______
a) Authority of Flight Manual
b) Aircraft Flight Manual
c) Aircraft Flight Management
d) Authority of Flight Management
Answer: b
Clarification: AFM stands for Aircraft Flight Manual. It is also known as Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH). It contains the operating data such as climb, take-off and range data of the aircraft. Few changes had to be done by the user or check for those variations to make the data useful.
9. POH stands for __________
a) Pilot’s Operational Handbook
b) Pilot’s Operating Handbook
c) Performance Operating Handbook
d) Performance Operational Handbook
Answer: b
Clarification: POH stands for Pilot’s Operating Handbook. It contains the operating data such as climb, take-off and range data of the aircraft. Few changes had to be done by the user or check for those variations to make the data useful.
10. AIAA stands for ________
a) Australian Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
b) Alberta Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
c) Andaman Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
d) American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Answer: d
Clarification: AIAA is the acronym for American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. AIAA follows the National Defense Authorization act. AIAA is made up of 85 countries and 95 corporate members. It is associated with the US nation.
Aircraft-performance Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
CLC 056 Exam questions and answers_ CLC 056 Analyzing Contract Costs Exam (2021)
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CLC 056 Analyzing Contract Costs Exam 1. Identify the circumstances when cost analysis should be performed by answering the following question: “Unless an exception to certified cost or pricing data applies, you can perform cost analysis on which of the following procurements? a. All of these are correct b. The award of a subcontract at any tier, if the contractor and each higher-tier subcontractor have been required to furnish certified cost or pricing data. c. The modification of any …
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사람들이 주제에 대해 자주 검색하는 키워드 Lecture 12: Aircraft Performance
- climb performance
- best glide ratio
- pressure altitude
- density altitude
- humidity
Lecture #12: #Aircraft #Performance
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주제에 대한 기사를 시청해 주셔서 감사합니다 Lecture 12: Aircraft Performance | aircraft performance questions and answers, 이 기사가 유용하다고 생각되면 공유하십시오, 매우 감사합니다.
